池网科技 一、英语中的虚拟语气是怎样的?
Subjunctive Mood]
中文译作虚拟语气。它是一种动词形式，表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义。
语法结构
1.if结构（非真实条件句——表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况）
与..事实相反 If从句 主句
过去 Had done Would* have done
现在 Were/did Would* do
将来 Should do/were/were to do Would* do
wish结构
与..事实相反
过去 Had done
现在 Were/did
将来 Would+do
should结构
从句中用“should + 动词原形”构成。而且should可以省去。用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest,intend等。would rather ＋从句
在这种结构中，从句的谓语动词主语从句中的虚拟语气
1）It be + 形容词 + that ．．．（should）．．．用过去形式表示虚拟。表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在suggestion， proposal， order， plan， idea， advice， decision等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同
位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词应用：should＋原形动词。另外连接从句的that不能省
二、关于wish的用法
选择D，这个句子和wish没有太大的关系，不过我们可以据此判断说话人想要表达的到底是什么意思。
我希望你没有生病，因为我肯定你会喜欢那场音乐会的。
这说明音乐会已经结束了，所以这里说话人是表达了一种虚拟的假设，这里考察的是虚拟语气的用法。由于是与过去事实相反，故用过去完成时。
好吧，那我们这样说吧~
wish后面表达了一种假设，假如你没有得病，后面那句话完全是根据这则假设说的，设想你是说话人，如果音乐会还没有发生，我们就没有必要去假设对方没有得病。如果音乐会还没有发生，这种假设就没有意义，音乐会结束了，你为了表示遗憾，因为她会非常喜欢那场音乐会，所以采用虚拟语气。
三、虚拟语气都是过去式吗？
不是过去式.
要看情况
虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握:
1,虚拟条件句.
2,名词性虚拟语气.
3,虚拟语气的其他用语.
一,虚拟条件句:
条件状语从句是非真实情况,在这种情况下要用虚拟语气.
1,条件从句与现在事实不一致,其句型为:
If 主语+过去时,主语+should(could, would, 或might)+动词原形,如:
If I were you, I would study hard.
If it rained, I would not be here now.
2,条件从句与过去事实不一致,句型为:
If 主语+had+过去分词,主语+should(could, would, 或might)+have+过去分词,如:
If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.
If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.
3,条件从句与将来事实不一致,句型为:
+do,主语+should(could…)+ 原形 do
过去时(与现在事实条件句一样).
If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.
If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry.
注意问题:
1,If条件句中绝对不可出现would.
2,根据句中的时间状语,有时可能出现混合虚拟的情况,即主句可能是现在的情况,条件句也许是发生在过去的情况,但都是遵守上述句型.
3,在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if,将主语与这些词倒装,例如:
Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.
Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.
Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
二,名词性虚拟语气:
在表示命令,建议要求,惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气,基本句型:
主语+(should)+动词原形,如:
Mother insisted that John go to bed at 9 o'clock.(宾语从句)
We suggested that the meeting should not be held.
It was required that the crops should be harvested at once.(主语从句)
The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.(同位语从句)
That is their demand that their wages be increased.(表语从句)
注意:在这种句子中绝不出现wouldmustcould等.
三,虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句:
1,wish后的宾语从句:
与现在愿望不一致 主语+过去时;
与过去愿望不一致 主语+had+过去分词;
与未来愿望不一致 主语+would(could)+原形.
I wish I were you.
I wish I had visited the white House when I was in the states.
I wish I met you tomorrow at the party.
2,It's time句型:当It's time后用that从句时应该为:
主语+should+原形 或 主语+过去时,例如:
It's time that you went to school. 或
It's time that you should go to school.
3,If only引起的感叹句相当于How I wish+宾语从句
If only he could come! 他要能来就好了.
If only I had known the answer! 我要早知答案就好了.
4,would rather, as if(though)引导的句子也需使用虚拟,表示过去的情况用过去完成时,表示现在与将来的情况用过去时,如:
I'd rather you posted the letter right away.
I'd rather you had returned the book yesterday.
She loves the children as if they were hers.
Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.
5,without, but, but for, otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件.
Without you, I would never know him.
But for your cooperation, we wouldn't have done the work so well.
But that she was afraid, she would have said no.
I would be most glad to help you, but I' am busy now.
I would have come to the party yesterday, but I was working.
I am busy now, otherwise I would do you the favor!
